Yakatangwa kuburitswa muMedium Mhoro! Zita rangu ndinonzi Anna Mae Lamentillo , uye ndinodada kubva kuPhilippines, nyika ine hupfumi hwehunhu uye kushamisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye nematunhu 81 andakamboshanyira. Semunhu ari muKaray-a ethnolinguistic group, imwe ye182 dzevanhu vekuindigenous munyika medu, ndine chido chakadzika chekuyemura nhaka yedu nemagariro. Rwendo rwangu rwakagadzirwa nezviitiko pamusha nekune dzimwe nyika, pandakatevera zvidzidzo zvangu muUnited States neUnited Kingdom, ndichizviisa mukati mezvinyorwa nemafungiro akasiyana. Mune makore akawanda, ndakapfeka mabasa mazhinji — semushandi wehurumende, mutori wenhau, uye mushandi wezvekusimudzira. Zviitiko zvangu pakushanda nemasangano akadai seUNDP neFAO zvakandiratidza chokwadi chakaoma chezviitiko zvezviitiko zvechisikigo, sekuparadza kweTyphoon Haiyan, iyo yakatora upenyu hwe6,300 vanhu. Panguva yangu muTacloban nematunhu akakomberedza, ndakasangana nezvinyorwa zvekusimba nekutambudzika, semuenzaniso wedambudziko rakasuruvara rakatarisana nemukomana mudiki, mudzidzi wechikoro chechina, mitatu mwedzi asati apedza kudzidza, uyo akanga achidzidza kwemiyedzo yake nemusikana wake. Yakanga ichifanira kuve Christmas yavo yokupedzisira yavakangovimba nezvavanopihwa. Havana kuziva kuti tsunami inorevei uye vakapfuurira mberi kuita zvavakanga vatarisira — kudzidza. Vakatanga kurota nezvekufamba pamwechete mushure mekudzidza. Yaizova nguva yavo yokutanga. Havana kumboita mari yekuwedzera pamberi. Asi mumwedzi mitatu, vakafunga, zvinhu zvichange zvakanaka. Vaingofanirwa kungomirira mamwe mwedzi mashoma. Pakupedzisira, vakanga vatotanga kumirira kwemakore mana. Chimwe chavaisingatarisire chaive chokwadi chekuti dutu [Typhoon Haiyan] raizova rakasimba zvekuti aifanira kusarudza pakati pekuchengetedza musikana wake nemukoma wake ane makore rimwe chete. Kwemwedzi, aingotarisira nemwoyo wose kumahombekombe, kune nzvimbo imwe chete yaakawana musikana wake, nepepa reruoko rakatakurwa muviri wake. Zviitiko izvi zvakakoshesa kukosha kwekudzidza, kugadzirira, uye kusimba kwemunharaunda pamberi pezvipingamupinyi zvakatipoteredza. Akatungamira nemaitiro aya, ndakatanga nzira ine matatu yekurwisa kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedza nharaunda yedu. Kuburikidza nemapuratifomu anovandudza se NightOwlGPT , GreenMatch, uye Carbon Compass, tiri kupa vanhu nemunharaunda kugona kutora matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza uye kusimba. NightOwlGPT inotora simba reAI kuti ibatanidze miganhu yemitauro uye igone kuti vanhu vabvunze mibvunzo mumutauro wavo, ichikurudzira kuwirirana uye kuwanikwa kwemashoko. Kungave kuburikidza nekunzwisisa kwezwi kana kunyora, vashandisi vanogamuchira shanduro dzinoitika dzinobatanidza hurukuro pakati pemitauro yakasiyana. Mhando yedu ikozvino inogona kutaurirana zvakanaka muTagalog, Cebuano neIlokano asi tinotarisira kuwedzera kumitauro yese 170 inotaurwa munyika. GreenMatch chikuva chitsva chefoni chakagadzirwa kubatanidza gap pakati pevanhu nebhizinesi rinoda kudzikisa carbon footprint yaro uye mapurojekiti emunzvimbo anokosha kune hutano hwenyika yedu. Inobvumira mapoka evanhu vekuindigenous nemunharaunda kuti aise mapurojekiti emunzvimbo uye awane rubatsiro kubva pakudzikisa carbon, ichivimbisa kuti avo vakakanganiswa zvikuru nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze vanowana rutsigiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, Carbon Compass inopa vanhu maturusi ekufamba munharaunda vachidzikisa carbon footprint yavo, ichikurudzira maitiro ekuchengetedza nharaunda uye kurarama kwakasimba. Mukupedzisa, ndinokukumbirisai kuti tibatane mukufamba kwedu kwakatemwa kune ramangwana rakasvibira uye rine musoro. Ngatishandirei pamwe chete kuchengetedza nyika yedu, kusimudzira nharaunda dzedu, uye kuvaka nyika panogamuchirwa ruzha rwese uye upenyu hwese hunokosheswa. Ndatenda nekutungamira kwako uye kuzvipira kune shanduko yakanaka. Pamwe chete, tinogona kuita mutsauko.

Yakatangwa kuburitswa muApolitical Fungidzira kurasikirwa nezwi rako panguva ino. Kugona kutaurirana nevakatikomberedza—kwapera. Hakuchina kugovera pfungwa dzako, kutaura manzwiro ako, kana kutora chikamu mukukurukurirana. Chimbofunga, mashoko aimbofamba nyore-nyore akasungwa mukati mako, pasina nzira yekubuda. Icho chirevo chinotyisa, chimwe chatisingagoni kufungidzira. Asi kune mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose, iyi nhoroondo iri kutambudzika kwechokwadi—kwete nekuti varasikirwa nezwi ravo pamweya, asi nekuti mutauro wavo uri kuparara. Se mugadziri we NightOwlGPT , ndakashandisa maawa mazhinji ndichifunga nezvekukanganiswa kwekushayikwa uku kwekunyarara. Mitauro ndiwo matombo epfungwa dzedu, manzwiro, uye maitikiro etsiye. Ndiyo nzira yatinotaurirana, tinobatana nevamwe, uye kupfuudza ruzivo kubva kune generational kuenda kune imwe. Zvisinei, maererano ne2023 Ethnologue Report, padyo nehusiku hwevanhu 7,164 variko, mitauro inenge hafu yavo iri munjodzi. Icho chiri kuenda 3,045 mitauro iri munjodzi yokupedzisira, pamwe mumakore anotevera. Fungidzira kurasikirwa kwete chete nezwi rako, asi nezwi rese renharaunda yako, vanababa vako, uye nhaka yemagariro inokuzivisa. Kupera kwemutauro hakusi kungorasa mashoko; asi zviri nezvekurasa maonero akazara pamusoro penyika, maonero akasarudzika pahupenyu, uye ruzivo rwevanhu rwusina kuchinjwa. Kana mutauro wakafa, nyaya, tsika, uye uchenjeri zvakatambanudzwa mukati maro kwemazana emakore zvichafa zvakare. Kune nharaunda dzinotaura mitauro iyi iri munjodzi, kurasikirwa uku kwakadzama uye kwakanyanya. Hakuzi kungori nyaya yekutaurirana—asi nyaya yechitupa. Kusiyana Kwedhijitari: Chikamu Chitsva Munyika yanhasi, kusiyana kwedhijitari kunowedzera dambudziko rekupedzisira kwemutauro. Sezvo tekinoroji ichikura uye kutaurirana kwekudhijitari kuchiva tsika, mitauro isina kumiririrwa kudhijitari inorambidzwa. Iyi kusiyana kwedhijitari kunogadzira chivharo mukupinda mukukurukurirana kwepasirese, uye kunowedzera kutyisidzirwa kwevatauri vemitauro iri panjodzi. Pasina mukana wezviwanikwa zvedhijitari mumitauro yavo yepakutanga, izvi zvinharaunda zvinowanikwa zviri kure nezviitiko zvedzidzo, hupfumi, uye hunhu izvo nguva yedhijitari inopa. Fungidzira kusakwanisa kushandisa internet, midhiya yemagariro, kana zvishandiso zvekutaurirana zvechizvino-zvino nekuti hazvitsigire mutauro wako. Kune vanodarika miriyoni, izvi hazvisi pfungwa dzisina kuvapo—iri igwaro ravo rezuva nezuva. Kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvedhijitari mumitauro iri panjodzi zvinoreva kuti izvi zvinharaunda dzinowanzosara dzisina kubatanidzwa nevamwe pasi rose, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuchengetedza nhaka yavo yemutauro. Kukosha Kwekuchengetedza Kusiyana KweMitauro Sei tichifanira kutora mutauro wakakanganisika? Pakupedzisira, handizvo here kuti nyika iri kutanga kupindirana zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemitauro yepasirese senge Chirungu, Mandarin, kana Spanish? Kunyangwe zvirizvo kuti mitauro iyi inotaurwa zvakanyanya, kusiyana kwemutauro kwakakosha pakupenya kwehunhu hwemunhu. Mutauro umwe neumwe unopa chiono chakasiyana chekuona nyika, ichikurudzira kunzwisisa kwedu kwehupenyu, chisikigo, uye masangano. Mitauro inotakura mukati mayo ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza, maitiro ekurapa, nzira dzekurima, uye masangano evanhu akagadzirwa mumakore. Mitauro yechivanhu, kunyanya, inowanzotakura ruzivo rwakadzama nezvenzvimbo dzemuno—ruzivo rwakakosha kwete chete kumatunhu anotaura mitauro iyi, asi kumunhu wese. Kurasikirwa nemitauro iyi kunoreva kurasikirwa neruzivo urwu, panguva iyo tichida mafungiro akasiyana kuti tigadzirise matambudziko epasi rose sekuwedzera kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kusimudzira. Pamusoro pezvo, kusiyana kwemutauro kunokurudzira hunyanzvi uye kuchinja. Mitauro yakasiyana inokurudzira nzira dzakasiyana dzekufunga, kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kuudza nyaya. Kurasikirwa nemutauro chero upi zvawo kunoderedza kugona kwekugadzira kwevanhu, zvichiita kuti nyika yedu ive nzvimbo isina kukurumbira uye isina kufunga. Basa reTekinoroji Mukuchengetedza Mitauro Mune chinetso chakadai, tinogona sei kushanda kuchengetedza mitauro iri panjodzi? Tekinoroji, inowanzotaurwa sechetisi mukuderedza kusiyana kwemutauro, inogona zvakare kuve chishandiso chakasimba chekuchengetedza. Mapuratifomu edhijitari anotsigira kudzidza kwemutauro, kuturikira, uye kuchinjana kwetsika anogona kubatsira kuchengetedza mitauro iri panjodzi ichiri ine chirevo munyika yemazuva ano. Iyi ndiyo simba riri kumashure kwe NightOwlGPT . Puratifomu yedu inoshandisa AI yepamusoro kupa kuturikira kwechinguva uye kudzidza kwemutauro mumitauro iri panjodzi. Nekupa masevhisi aya, tinobatsira kudzikisa kusiyana kwedhijitari, tichiita kuti vatauri vemitauro iri panjodzi vawane zviwanikwa zvedhijitari nemikana yakafanana nevatauri vemitauro akanyanyotaurwa. Izvi zvishandiso hazvingogamuchirwi mitauro chete asiwo zvinopa masangano simba nekupa mikana yokutaurirana uye kupinda mukutaurirana kwepasirese kwekudhijitari. Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji inogona kuita kuti kuongorora uye kugadzirisa mitauro iri panjodzi kuve nyore. Kuburikidza nekurekodha kwemazwi nemavhidhiyo, magwaro akanyorwa, uye dhatabhesi dzinoshandiswa, tinogona kugadzira zvinyorwa zvakazara zvezviitiko izvi kumarudzi anouya. Iyi nyorwa yakakosha pakutsvakurudza kwemutauro, dzidzo, uye kuenderera mberi kwekushandiswa kwemutauro idzi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kusimudzira Masangano Kuburikidza Nekuchengetedza Mitauro Pakupedzisira, kuchengetedza mitauro ari panjodzi hakusi kwekuchengetedza mazwi chete—izvi zvine chekuita nekusimudzira masangano. Kana vanhu vane zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza uye kumutsiridza mitauro yavo, vanewo nzira dzekuchengetedza chiziviso chavo chetsika, kusimbisa masangano avo, uye kuona kuti inzwi ravo rinonzwika mukukurukurirana kwepasirese. Fungidzira kudada kwemumwe munhu mudiki kudzidza mutauro wavo wechivanhu kuburikidza neapp, vachibatana ne nhaka yavo nenzira iyo mhuri dzekare dzisingakwanisi. Fungidzira kuti nharaunda iri kushandisa mapuratifomu edhijitari kugovera nyaya dzavo, tsika, uye ruzivo nepasi rose. Iyi ndiyo simba rekuchengetedza mitauro—izvi zvine chekuita nekudzorera vanhu inzwi ravo. Mhedziso: Kukumbira Kwekuita Saka, fungidzira kurasikirwa neinzwi rako panguva ino. Ungazviitire sei? Kune vanodarika miriyoni, izvi hazvisi mubvunzo wezviito asi zvekuponesa. Kurasikirwa nemutauro kunoreva kurasikirwa neinzwi, tsika, uye nzira yehupenyu. Zviri pamakumbo edu vose—hurumende, vadzidzisi, vanogadzira tekinoroji, uye vagari vepasi rose—kuita chiito. Nekutsigira zvirongwa zvinokuchengetedza kusiyana kwemutauro uye kudzikisa kusiyana kwedhijitari, tinogona kuona kuti inzwi rimwe nerimwe rinonzwika, tsika imwe neimwe inokosheswa, uye mutauro wese unopfuurira mukugadzira nyika yedu. Pa NightOwlGPT , tinotenda kuti kurasikirwa neinzwi rako hakupinze magumo enhetembo. Pamwe chete, tinogona kunyora chitsauko chitsva—chimwe apo mutauro wese, tsika imwe neimwe, uye munhu wese ane nzvimbo munhoroondo yepasirese.

Yakatangwa kuburitswa muManila Bulletin Nyika yedu yearchipelagic ine utano hwakazara hunoshamisa sezvinoita zviwi zvedu. Iyo ine dzimwe nharaunda dzakawanda dzevagari veko dzine mitauro yavo. Chokwadi, Philippines ine mitauro yechivanhu 175 inorarama, maererano neEthnologue, inotora mitauro iyi zvinoenderana nemwero wayo wehupenyu. Pakati pemitauro 175 inorarama, 20 ndiyo “yemudzidzi,” iyo inoshanda uye inotsigirwa nemasangano kupfuura kumusha uye nharaunda; 100 inotarisirwa kuti “yakagadzikana” haisi kusimudzirwa nemasangano epamutemo, asi ichiri yetsika kumusha uye nharaunda iyo vana vachiri kudzidza nekuishandisa; ukuwo 55 inotarisirwa kuti “iri pangozi,” kana kuti haisi iyo tsika inodzidzwa nevana uye kushandiswa. Pane mitauro miviri yatove “yakafa.” Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvisisiri kushandiswa uye hapana anoramba aine pfungwa yechitendero inobatanidzwa nemitauro iyi. Ndiri kufungisisa nezvazvo, chii chakaitika kumagariro uye ruzivo rwechinyakare rwakabatana nemitauro iyoyo. Tinogona chete kutarisira kuti zvakatonyorwa zvakakwana kuti zvive chikamu chedu nhoroondo uye mabhuku emasikirwo. Kana tikakundikana kuchengetedza uye kusimudzira mitauro 55 iri pangozi munyika medu, hazvingatore nguva kuti dzive dzakafa zvakare. Kune zvibvumirano zvepasi rose zvine chekuita nemitauro yechivanhu izvo Philippines yakagamuchira mukati memakore. Izvi zvinogona kutsigira mapurogiramu anogona kupa mweya mutsva kumitauro yatove pangozi. Imwe yacho iConvention against Discrimination in Education (CDE), iyo nyika yakagamuchira muna 1964. CDE ndiyo chigaro chekutanga chinobatanidza chinotendera kuti dzidzo inzwisiswe sekodzero yevanhu. Ine chirevo chinobvumidza kodzero dzezvematongerwo enyika, senge mapoka evagari vekuPhilippines, kuti ave nemaitiro avo edzidzo, kusanganisira kushandiswa kana kudzidziswa kwemutauro wavo. Imwe chibvumirano chakagamuchirwa nePhilippines muna 1986 iInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), inotsvaga kuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu nehutongi hwevanhu kusanganisira rusununguko kubva mukusarura. Chirevo chimwe chete chinokurudzira kodzero dzevagari, dzitendero kana dzemutauro “kuti vanakidzwe neutsika hwavo, kutenda uye kuita kwechitendero chavo, kana kushandisa mutauro wavo.” Philippines zvakare inotora chibvumirano cheConvention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (CSICH) muna 2006, United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) muna 2007, uye United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) muna 2008. CSICH inotarisira kuchengetedza nhaka isingabvumirwi (ICH) zvikuru kuburikidza nekusimudzira kuziva munharaunda, nyika uye pasi rose, kugadzira rukudzo kune maitiro emunharaunda, uye kupa kubatana nekubatsira pamwero wepasi rose. Chibvumirano ichi chinoti nhaka isingabvumirwi inoratidzwa kuburikidza, pakati pezvimwe, nemagariro nemashoko, kusanganisira mutauro semotokari yeICH. Panguva imwecheteyo, UNDRIP chibvumirano chakakosha chakatungamira mukuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu vechivanhu “kuti vatenge pakukwirira, kuchengetedza uye kusimudzira masangano avo, tsika nemaitiro uye kutevedzera budiriro yavo inozvitonga, zvinoenderana nezvido nemaitiro avo.” Pakupedzisira, UNCRPD inotsigira kuti vanhu vose vane marwadzo akasiyana-siyana vanofanirwa kuwana kodzero dzese dzevanhu nemafungiro akakosha, kusanganisira rusununguko rwekutaurirana nemafungiro, izvo zvinofanirwa kutsigirwa nemapato ehurumende kuburikidza nemaitiro anobatanidza, sekugamuchira nekuwedzera kushandiswa kwemutauro wechiratidzo, pakati pezvimwe. Mukubatanidza izvi, imwe yemutauro yechivanhu 175 inorarama muPhilippines mutauro weFilipino Sign Language (FSL), unoshandiswa semutauro wekutanga nevanhu vanotaurira zvisinganzwisisike pamazera ese. Zvakakosha kuti takabvumirana nezvimwe zvibvumirano izvi, asi zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti kutora chibvumirano ichi kwemapasi rose kungori kutanga kwedu. Zvakafanana zvakakosha kukoshesa zvakatemwa kwatiri. Tinofanira kuva nehushingi mukushandisa izvi zvibvumirano kuti simudzire mapurogiramu edu nemaitiro ekuchengetedza uye kusimudzira mitauro yese inorarama muPhilippines, zvikuru izvo zvakatotanga kuparara. Tinofanira kutarisa nekutora chikamu mune dzimwe chibvumirano zvepasi rose zvinogona kutungamira mukurwisa kwedu kuchengetedza mitauro yedu.

Yakatangwa kuburitswa muManila Bulletin Constitution yePhilippines inopa vadzidzi rusununguko rwekutaura, kufunga, uye kupinda. Izvi zvakare zvinovimbiswa kuburikidza nekugamuchirwa kwenyika yeInternational Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, iyo inotsvaga kuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu nemagariro kusanganisira rusununguko rwekutaura uye ruzivo. Tinogona kuratidza pfungwa dzedu nemazwi, mukunyora, kana nenzira yeunyanzvi, pakati pezvimwe. Zvisinei, tinodzvinyirira kodzero iyi kana tikakundikana kutsigira kushandiswa kwechivanhu uye kukura kwemitauro yechivanhu. United Nations Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples yakasimbisa kuti: “Kuti ukwanise kutaurirana mumutauro wako kwakakosha pakukudzwa kwevanhu uye rusununguko rwekutaura.” Pasina kugona kuzviratidza, kana kushandiswa kwemutauro wemunhu kuchideredzwa, kodzero yokukumbira kodzero dzinokosha dzemunhu—senge chikafu, mvura, pekugara, nharaunda ine hutano, dzidzo, uye basa—zvichadzikiswa. Kune vanhu vedu vechivanhu, izvi zvinova zvakakosha zvakanyanya sezvo zvichikanganisa dzimwe kodzero dzavari kurwira, senge rusununguko kubva pakusarura, kodzero yokuwana mukana wakafanana uye kurapwa, kodzero yokuzvimiririra, nezvimwe. Mune izvi, musangano mukuru weUN wakazivisa makore a2022-2032 seInternational Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL). Chinangwa chayo ndechekuti "hapana anofanirwa kusara shure uye hapana anofanirwa kunge asina" uye chiri kupindirana ne2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Pakupresenta Global Action Plan yeIDIL, UNESCO yakasimbisa kuti, “Kodzero yokusarudza mutauro, kutaurwa, uye maonero zvakasununguka, pamwe chete nekuzvimiririra uye kupinda kwechokwadi muhupenyu hweveruzhinji pasina kutya kwekusarura ndiyo chirevo chekushanda pamwe chete uye kuenzana sezviyero zvakakosha pakugadzira nzanga dzakazaruka uye dzinotora chikamu.” Global Action Plan inotsvaga kuwedzera nzira dzekushandiswa kwemutauro wechivanhu munharaunda. Inokurudzira misoro gumi yakabatanidzwa inobatsira kuchengetedza, kudzoreredza uye kusimudzira mitauro yechivanhu: (1) dzidzo yakanaka uye kudzidza kwehupenyu hwose; (2) kushandiswa kwemutauro wechivanhu uye ruzivo mukudzima nzara; (3) kugadzira mamiriro akakodzera ekusimudzira dijitari uye kodzero yokutaurwa; (4) maframework akakodzera emutauro wechivanhu akagadzirirwa kupa hutano hwakakodzera; (5) kuwana kodzero uye kuwanikwa kwemabasa eruzhinji; (6) kuchengetedza mitauro yechivanhu semidziyo yeupenyu hwenhaka uye tsika; (7) kuchengetedza biodiversity; (8) kukura kweupfumi kuburikidza nemabasa akakodzera; (9) kuenzana kwechikadzi uye kusimudzira vakadzi; uye, (10) hukama hwemagariro-pachivande hwekuwana kwechinguva kwekuchengetedza mitauro yechivanhu. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekusanganisa uye kuita kuti mitauro yechivanhu iwanikwe munzanga dzese dzehupfumi, tsika, nharaunda, mutemo, uye zvematongerwo enyika. Nekuita izvi, tinotsigira kuwedzera kwekutaura mutauro, hupenyu, uye kukura kwevashandisi vatsva vemitauro. Pakupedzisira, tinofanira kuedza kugadzira nzvimbo dzakachengeteka panogona kutaurwa nemunhu wechivanhu vachishandisa mutauro wavanosarudza, vasina kutya kutongwa, kusarurwa, kana kusanzwisiswa. Tinofanira kugamuchira mitauro yechivanhu seyakakosha mukuvandudza kwehutano uye kwakasanganiswa kwevanhu vedu.